Chapter 4 {Solutions} main exam related question }

Chapter 4

Solutions

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is known as solution.

Solution compound

Solute

Solvent

Solute =

It is that component of a solution which is present in smaller amount .

Solvent =

It is that component of a solution which is present in large amount.

Ionization =

The process of decomposition of an electrolyte into its ion when electricity is passed through their molten or aqueous solution is known as ionization.

Acidity =

Acidity of a base is the number of displaced oH-ion furnished by on molecule of a base.

Basicity =

Basicity of an acid is the number of displaced h+ ions furnished by one molecule of an acid.

 Gram equivalent weight

The gram equivalent weight of an acid base and a salt is the number of gram of that substance which displaced or combine directly or indirectly with 1.008g by weight of hydrogen or g by weight of oxygen or 35.5 g by weight of chlorine.

 Strength=

The strength of a solution refer to the amount of solute in grams present in one litre of the solution.

Normality

It is defined as the number of gram equivalents of the solute dissolved per litre of the given solution.

ph metre

ph metre is a  electric device with probe that can be inserted into a solution of unknown ph . ph solution can be read from metre .

application of ph

ph tells about the acidity or basicity. If ph lies between

0-7 then solution is acidic and if ph lies between 8-14 then , solution is basic . this solutions with ph 7  are called neutral.

2   the concentration of solution can be checked by ph .

Most important question

Buffer solution and buffer action

A buffer solution may be defines as a substance which resists any changes in its  ph value even when small amount of acid or base are added to it.

Human blood is an excellent buffer . it maintains its ph value around 7.4 inspite of a variety of food we take  

Type of buffer solutions

1 simple buffers

2 mixed buffers

Simple buffer

The solution of the salt of a weak base and a weak acid is called simple buffer.

Mixed buffer

They are the mixture of two components

Acidic buffer

The solution of a mixture of a weak acid and a salt of this weak acid with strong base is strong base is known as acidic buffer.

Basic buffer

The solution of a mixture of weak base with a strong acid is known as basic buffer.

Buffer action

The property of a buffer solution to resist any changes in its ph value even when small amount of acid or base are added to it is called buffer action.  

Ph of our blood is 7.4